The sensitivity of ginkgo leaf unfolding to the temperature and photoperiod decreases with increasing elevation

Climate change substantially affects plant phenology, resulting in earlier vegetation onset across temperate and boreal regions. Phenological shifts caused by warming may alter species interactions trophic levels because of species-specific responses, influence the reproductive success dioecious if phenological sensitivity to (ST) differs between genders. We used twigs collected from male female gingko trees at three elevations on Tianmu Mountain eastern China. The were cultivated climate chambers determine effects temperatures (10, 15, 20 °C) two photoperiods (8 16 h). observed slightly leaf unfolding dates (1 day), a higher heat requirement (growing degree hours) for (14,334 ± 588 compared (13,874 551 °C). Similar responses temperature (ST = 3.7 days °C−1), photoperiod elevation long treatment shortened time 9.1 days, but differed significantly depending donor trees. Specifically, ST was (4.17 °C−1) effect larger (decreased 1.15 lowest than 3.26 °C−1; decreased 0.48 °C−1). This be related environment-induced local adaptations self-protection mechanisms high avoid frost damage. Our results indicate that genetic environments influenced warming-induced ginkgo, these generally similar For given species, individuals different climates exhibit temperatures, with warmer regions likely becoming increasingly limited as warms further.